With the end of 2024 quickly approaching, active investors may be looking to position ahead of 2025.
In January, market watchers are often keen to talk about the January effect, which is the idea that stock markets often rally in the first month of the year. However, it has become less consistent as the years go by, and some consider it a myth at this point.
Find out more about the January effect below, and learn what strategies you can use if you do decide to position ahead of a potential January stock rally.
The first report of the January effect came in 1942 from Sidney Wachtel, an investment banker from Washington, DC.
Since then, experts have debated possible causes for this phenomenon. Many believe the January effect is triggered by tax-loss selling in the month of December. Tax-loss selling, or tax-loss harvesting as it is sometimes called, is an investment strategy in which individual investors sell stocks at a loss in order to reduce capital gains earned on investments. Because capital losses are tax deductible, they can be used to offset capital gains to reduce an investor’s tax liability on their tax return.
As an example of tax-loss selling for tax savings, imagine if an investor bought 1,000 shares of a company for US$53 each. They could sell the shares and take a loss of US$3,000 in the event that the shares declined in value to US$50 each. The US$3,000 loss from the sale could then be used to offset gains elsewhere in the investor’s portfolio during that tax year.
It’s worth noting that tax-loss selling or tax-loss harvesting is a trading strategy that generally involves investments with huge losses, and, because of this, these sales generally focus on a relatively small number of securities within the public markets. However, if a large number of sellers were to execute a sell order in tandem, the price of the security would fall.
These circumstances have given rise to the alternate notion that stocks get a boost in January because many people receive holiday bonuses in December, providing them with greater investment income. Perhaps it’s one or the other — or perhaps, as with most things, a combination of drivers produces the January effect.
The past two years, the markets have performed strongly in January. January 2023 saw the S&P 500 jump 5.8 percent over the course of the month after falling at the end of December. However, markets fell back down through February and March, making the rally short lived.
In January 2024, the S&P 500 dipped slightly at the start of the month but ultimately closed January up 2.12 percent higher than its open. Unlike the previous year, the index continued that upward trend through the end of March, at which point it was up 10.73 percent from the beginning of the year.
It can be easy to get swept up in hearsay, and with debate still in play, the January effect is a risky business. Use your judgment, or the judgment of a professional, and don’t get sucked into chasing prices. It’s best not to base your investment strategy on the potential of a seasonal market mantra that reliable evidence shows no longer holds true.
For investors looking to capitalize on a potential rally due to the January effect, here are a few strategies to consider.
This is an updated version of an article first published by the Investing News Network in 2018.
Securities Disclosure: I, Lauren Kelly, hold no direct investment interest in any company mentioned in this article.
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