The energy fuel also caught the attention of major technology companies looking to power artificial intelligence (AI) data centers, and was impacted by geopolitical tensions between the US and Russia.
In addition, the market benefited from growing concerns over future supply. With uranium demand poised to grow globally, the mounting imbalance became increasingly clear in the usually opaque market.
Some companies were inspired to do deals against that backdrop, punctuating 2024 with M&A activity.
While many factors added to uranium’s story throughout 2024, the most impactful trends included geopolitical risk, the accelerating energy transition and future supply concerns.
Continuing the momentum of 2023 — when the U3O8 spot price rose 86 percent between January and the end of December — uranium started 2024 at the US$91 per pound level.
By February 5, the price had risen to US$105.91, marking a nearly two decade high.
The inability to source sulfuric acid prompted the Kazakhstan-based major to revise its annual output guidance.
“Supply side fragility continued to be one of the key themes in Q1, especially the news out of Kazakhstan that production would be significantly lower than expected in 2024 than previously thought,” Ben Finegold, an associate at Ocean Wall, a London-based investment house, said in an email reviewing the first quarter.
In its adjusted 2024 uranium production guidance, Kazatomprom projected a range of 21,000 to 22,500 metric tons on a 100 percent basis, and 10,900 to 11,900 metric tons on an attributable basis.
While in line with the output of previous years, the company had to place plans for a production ramp up on the back burner due to the sulfuric acid shortage and development issues.
Finegold described the issue as “systemic,” and said Ocean Wall didn’t see it ending any time soon.
However, uranium was unable to last at the US$105 level and had retracted to US$85 by mid-March.
The price continued to consolidate through the year, and found support around US$76. Although the energy fuel has shed 27 percent from its January high, the spot U3O8 price remains in historically high territory.
Production challenges out of Kazakhstan weren’t the only supply and demand issues for uranium in 2024. By May, the war in Ukraine had intensified discussions around restrictions on US imports of Russian uranium.
“And — building off the unprecedented US$2.72 billion in federal funding that Congress recently appropriated at the President’s request — it will jumpstart new enrichment capacity in the United States and send a clear message to industry that we are committed to long-term growth in our nuclear sector.”
The US has historically relied on Russian uranium, notably through the 1993 Megatons to Megawatts program, which repurposed 500 metric tons of Russian nuclear warhead uranium into reactor fuel.
In 2022, Russian imports still made up 12 percent of US uranium supply, according to the Energy Information Administration. This dependency highlights US reliance on Russian materials for domestic energy needs.
European utilities, which are heavily reliant on Nigerien uranium, faced heightened risks, underscoring the vulnerability of supply chains linked to politically unstable regions.
The instability also impacted uranium miners and juniors operating in the region.
Despite submitting a proposal and reopening site infrastructure, Niger revoked Orano’s permit, with analysts linking the decision to shifting political dynamics following the July 2023 coup.
In response to the permit withdrawal, GoviEx Uranium has initiated arbitration proceedings against Niger.
GoviEx Uranium and its subsidiaries are seeking a resolution through international arbitration, emphasizing the importance of contractual stability in the global uranium industry.
In late November, geopolitical tensions began mounting between the US and Canada.
Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau and Ontario Premier Doug Ford quickly responded to the tariff threat, underscoring the interconnectedness of both economies, as well as the energy trade between the countries.
Fortifying relationships with ally and neighbor states like Canada could prove crucial amid the US ban on Russian uranium imports. If the ban expands to Russian allies, supply from Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan — countries that contribute 25 percent and 11 percent to US supply, respectively — could also become precarious.
As pundits debated the potential impact of a tit-for-tat tariff tussle, sector participants forged ahead with deals.
NexGen Chief Executive Leigh Curyer explained that the agreements highlight the exceptional quality and scalability of Rook I. They also diversify uranium supply and align with market-based pricing strategies.
Power needs for AI data centers also emerged as a key driver in the uranium market this year.
As the energy demands of AI surge, governments and companies are turning to nuclear power to ensure a reliable, carbon-free energy supply, with supply deals beginning to emerge.
The supply deal is expected to deliver 835 megawatts of clean energy to the grid, and is also anticipated to generate over US$3 billion in taxes and US$16 billion for Pennsylvania’s economy.
“Diversity of supply is also becoming increasingly important as a response to recent geopolitical activities, including the recent US ban on Russian supplies.”
While all the abovementioned themes will continue to impact the uranium market, increased M&A activity is another emerging trend that is likely to play prominently in the year ahead.
Securities Disclosure: I, Georgia Williams, hold no direct investment interest in any company mentioned in this article.
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